Talk

Major artistic movements and their personalities

Fauvism bold colors. Think Matisse and Jazz icarus or blue nude. Other Matisse works include Nude with arms lifted and reclining nude with blue eyes
Surrealism Think weird. Salvador Dali and Persistence of Memory
Cubism Picasso
Pop Art Andy Warhol and Campbell soup or Marilyn Monroe
Op Art Use of optical illusions. Think M.C.Escher
SymbolismThink Rodin.
bauhaus Name of an architecture school in Germany that promulgated worker quarters of functional design.

Artcyclopedia should keep you well informed. The Comm project at USC has some examples as well.

Other notable works of art:
George Seurat's A sunday on la grande jatte

Van Gogh the bedroom

Gustave Caillebotte Paris street, rainy day

It is quite likely that the selection of links above betray the fact that I was recently a visitor at the Art Institute of Chicago. I highly recommend it.